Clifford’s Tower, the last remnant of York’s medieval fortress, features a unique quadrilobate shape from the late 13th century. The origin of its name is unclear, linked possibly to Roger de Clifford. Notably, it was the site of a mass suicide by persecuted Jews in 1190.
Durham Castle, built by the Normans in 1072, served as the home for the powerful Prince-Bishops of Durham. Following its ruin in the 17th-century civil wars, it became a hospital and was later restored. Today, it houses University College, Durham University, with limited public access.
Barnard Castle, established by Bernard de Balliol in the 12th century, overlooks the River Tees and dominates the town. It was connected to notable figures, including the Neville family and Richard III. Now in ruins, it remains a striking historical site, reflecting its past prominence.
